In pauling scale the electronegativity of chlorine and hydrogen are 3 and 2.1 respectively.ĭ H-Cl = r H + r Cl - 0.09 ( χ Cl - χ H) Let us calculate the covalent radius of hydrogen using the experimental d value is 1.28 Ã… and the covalent radius of chlorine is 0.99 Ã…. Where χ A and χ B are the electronegativities of A and B respectively in Pauling units The simplest method proposed by Schomaker and Stevenson is as follows. The covalent radius of individual atom can also be calculated using the internuclear distance (d A-B) between two different atoms A and B. Therefore covalent radius is always shorter than the actual atomic radius. The formation of covalent bond involves the overlapping of atomic orbitals and it reduces the expected internuclear distance.
The covalent radius of chlorine is calculated as below. The experimental internuclear distance in Cl 2 molecule is 1.98 Ã…. Inter nuclear distance can be determined using x-ray diffraction studies. It is one-half of the internuclear distance between two identical atoms linked together by a single covalent bond. Except for noble gases, usually atomic radius is referred to as covalent radius or metallic radius depending upon the nature of bonding between the concerned atoms. It is not possible to measure the radius of an isolated atom directly. Atomic radius of an atom is defined as the distance between the centre of its nucleus and the outermost shell containing the valence electron.
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